According to the SAP Accelerated Implementation Program (AIP) methodology, which is the standard for SAP Business One projects, the Realization phase focuses on building and testing the system based on the signed-off Business Blueprint.

(A) Configure and test the system: This is the primary activity of the Realization phase. The project team configures the SAP Business One software, develops any necessary customizations or enhancements, and performs unit and integration testing to ensure the system meets the documented requirements.

(B) Manage organizational change: While Organizational Change Management (OCM) is a continuous activity throughout the project, it intensifies during the Realization phase. As the system is built and demonstrated, managing user expectations, communicating changes, and preparing the organization for the new processes are critical activities performed during this time.

C. Perform a fit/gap analysis: This is a core activity of the preceding Business Blueprint phase. The fit/gap analysis is used to compare business requirements against standard system functionality to define the scope of work for the Realization phase.

D. Assess business needs: This is a foundational activity conducted during the Business Blueprint phase to gather and document the detailed requirements that will guide the entire implementation.

1. SAP Business One Official Documentation (TB1200 Courseware): The SAP course TB1200 "SAP Business One - Implementation and Support" explicitly defines the activities for each phase of the Accelerated Implementation Program (AIP).

Phase 2: Business Blueprint: "The goal of this phase is to document the business processes... A gap analysis is used to identify business processes that are not covered by SAP Business One." (This confirms options C and D belong to the Blueprint phase).

Phase 3: Realization: "In this phase

you configure SAP Business One to meet the business needs... You also perform system tests." (This confirms option A is a core Realization activity).

Project Management (Cross-phase): The AIP methodology includes project management streams

such as Change Management

that run concurrently with all five phases

with significant activity during Realization. (This supports option B as an activity performed during this phase).