SAP Fiori Analytical apps and Fact Sheet apps are specifically designed to leverage the advanced capabilities of the SAP HANA database. Analytical apps require SAP HANA's in-memory computing power to perform real-time analysis and aggregations on large datasets, providing complex charts and key performance indicators (KPIs). Fact Sheet apps depend on SAP HANA's underlying enterprise search technology to find and present contextual information and key facts about central business objects from various sources. Without SAP HANA, the core functionalities of these two app types cannot be delivered.

B. Classic applications: These are not native SAP Fiori apps but rather traditional SAP GUI or Web Dynpro applications launched from the Fiori Launchpad. Their database requirement depends on the backend system, which is not necessarily SAP HANA.

D. Transactional apps: These apps are designed to be database-agnostic. They can run on any database supported by the SAP NetWeaver ABAP stack, including but not limited to SAP HANA.

1. SAP Help Portal

SAP Fiori for SAP S/4HANA

"Types of SAP Fiori Apps": This official documentation explicitly states the prerequisites for each app type. It details that "Analytical apps run on an SAP HANA database and use virtual data models" and for Fact Sheets

"The search function in the SAP Fiori launchpad relies on search models that are stored in the SAP HANA database."

Reference: SAP Help Portal

SAP Fiori for SAP S/4HANA

Section: "Implementation and Operations"

Subsection: "Types of SAP Fiori Apps".

2. SAP Training Course TADM10 - SAP S/4HANA Implementation and Administration: The course materials for the SAP Administration certification directly cover the SAP Fiori architecture. In the unit on SAP Fiori

it is specified that Analytical and Fact Sheet applications have a mandatory dependency on the SAP HANA database for their core functions

whereas Transactional applications do not.

Reference: SAP Learning Hub

Course TADM10

Unit 7: SAP Fiori

Lesson: Describing SAP Fiori.

3. SAP Press

"SAP S/4HANA Administration" (ISBN 978-1-4932-1950-9)

Chapter 12: SAP Fiori: This book

which aligns with the CTADM curriculum

explains the Fiori architecture. Section 12.2

"SAP Fiori App Types

" clarifies that "Transactional apps can run on any database... In contrast

analytical apps and fact sheets require an SAP HANA database."

Reference: Page 485

Section 12.2.

The SAP Remote Function Call (RFC) is a proprietary protocol for communication between SAP systems or between an SAP system and an external application. Its implementation is fundamentally based on two key technologies:

1. TCP/IP: This is the foundational network protocol suite used for data transmission. RFC relies on TCP/IP for reliable, connection-oriented communication across the network, ensuring that data packets are delivered in order and without errors.

2. CPI-C (Common Programming Interface for Communications): This is an API standard, originally from IBM's Systems Application Architecture (SAA), which defines a platform-independent interface for program-to-program communication. SAP adopted this model for its RFC interface to establish and manage logical conversations between communicating programs.

A. EDI: Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is a standard for structuring and exchanging business documents (like purchase orders), not a low-level communication protocol that RFC is built on.

D. OData: The Open Data Protocol (OData) is a modern, web-based protocol built on HTTP and REST principles. It is used for SAP Fiori and other UI5 applications, but it is a separate technology from the classic, binary RFC protocol.

1. SAP Help Portal

SAP NetWeaver Application Server for ABAP 7.52: In the section on "Classic RFC

" the documentation states

"The RFC interface is a protocol based on CPI-C and TCP/IP. It is used for communication between SAP systems

or between an SAP system and an external system."

Source: SAP Help Portal

Classic RFC

Document Version: 7.52.

2. SAP Help Portal

SAP NetWeaver Application Server for ABAP 7.52: The documentation on CPI-C explicitly links it to RFC: "The RFC and CPI-C services are part of the SAP Communication Services of the presentation interface." It further clarifies that CPI-C provides the underlying communication model.

Source: SAP Help Portal

Common Programming Interface for Communications (CPI-C)

Document Version: 7.52.

3. Official SAP Training Material (e.g.

TADM10/TADM12): Courseware for SAP System Administration consistently describes the SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP architecture

identifying the RFC interface as a key communication mechanism that operates over the TCP/IP network layer and is conceptually derived from the CPI-C standard.

Source: SAP Education Course TADM10 - SAP S/4HANA Implementation Tools & ASAP

Unit on Technology Fundamentals.

The SAPINSTSTACKXML parameter directs the Software Provisioning Manager (SWPM) to use a stack configuration file (stack.xml) generated by the SAP Maintenance Planner. This file contains a detailed plan for the installation or update, enabling SWPM to perform actions that are not part of a generic, base installation.

Specifically, the stack.xml includes the target Support Package levels, add-ons, and additional components like languages. Therefore, SWPM can only apply a SPAM/SAINT update, install selected language packages, and perform an automated initial setup of the Transport Management System (TMS) when it is guided by this pre-defined stack file. Without it, these actions would be manual post-installation tasks.

A. Set the password of user DDIC in client 000: This is a fundamental step in every SAP system installation. SWPM prompts for a master password to set up standard users like DDIC, regardless of whether a stack file is used.

E. Install an SAP Host Agent: The SAP Host Agent is a prerequisite for SWPM. The installer checks for its presence and installs or updates it automatically at the start of the procedure, independent of the SAPINSTSTACKXML parameter.

1. SAP S/4HANA 2021 Installation Guide: In the section "Performing the Installation with the Software Provisioning Manager

" the guide specifies that a stack configuration file generated by the Maintenance Planner is mandatory for installing a planned system state

which includes specific support packages and components.

Reference for D (SPAM/SAINT update) & B (Languages): The guide details that the Maintenance Planner calculates all required components

including Support Packages

Add-Ons

and languages

which are then packaged into the stack.xml for SWPM to execute. (See section on "Preparation" and "Running the Software Provisioning Manager").

Reference for C (TMS): The guided procedure within SWPM

when using a stack.xml

includes automated configuration steps. The initial setup of TMS as the domain controller is one such step that can be automated as part of the planned installation.

2. SAP Help Portal - Software Logistics Toolset: The documentation for Software Provisioning Manager 2.0 states: "The stack configuration file contains the information about the target system

which the tool needs for the installation or update... For example

it contains the list of installation media

the target release

and the Support Packages to be installed."

This directly supports that applying updates (D) and installing additional components like languages (B) are dependent on the stack.xml. The automation of configuration tasks (C) is a key benefit of this planned

file-driven approach.

3. SAP Note 2568783 - SAP S/4HANA 1709

1809

1909

2020

2021

2022 and 2023: Release Information and Restrictions for Mainstream Maintenance: This note and related release notes emphasize the mandatory use of the Maintenance Planner for all installations and updates

which in turn generates the stack.xml file. This underscores that any action beyond the most basic installation

such as patching or adding components

requires the stack file.

An SAP S/4HANA system architecture consists of one system-wide Default Profile (DEFAULT.PFL) and one Instance Profile for each running instance. The Default Profile contains parameters common to all instances, while each Instance Profile contains parameters specific to that particular instance.

In this scenario, the system has four distinct instances:

1. One ABAP Central Services (ASCS) instance

2. One Primary Application Server (PAS) instance

3. Two Additional Application Server (AAS) instances

Therefore, the total number of profile files evaluated during a complete system start is the sum of the single Default Profile and the four individual Instance Profiles: 1 + 4 = 5.

B. 4: This count incorrectly omits the single, system-wide Default Profile (DEFAULT.PFL) and only considers the four instance-specific profiles.

C. 3: This count is arbitrary and does not correspond to the standard SAP profile architecture for a system with four instances.

D. 9: This count is incorrect. It might erroneously include obsolete start profiles as separate files or double-count the profiles evaluated by different processes.

1. SAP Help Portal

SAP NetWeaver Application Server for ABAP 7.52

"Parameter Files (Profiles)": This official documentation states

"There are two types of profile: The default profile and the instance profiles... The default profile is located under /usr/sap//SYS/profile/DEFAULT.PFL. It is valid for the whole SAP system... An instance profile... is only valid for one specific instance." This confirms the 1 + N structure

where N is the number of instances.

2. SAP Training Course TADM10 (SAP S/4HANA Installation and Upgrade)

Unit 5: Starting and Stopping an SAP System: This course material explains that the startup process for any instance involves reading its specific instance profile. The instance profile typically contains a parameter that references the default profile

ensuring parameters from both files are read and evaluated for the instance's operation.

3. SAP Training Course TADM12 (SAP S/4HANA System Administration)

Unit 2: The SAP System Kernel: This course details the components of the SAP system

including the profile files located in the globally shared /sapmnt//profile directory. It reinforces the concept of a single DEFAULT.PFL and a unique instance profile for each instance (ASCS

PAS

AAS).

A system database administrator can manage and restrict functionalities within tenant databases using tools available in the SAP HANA Cockpit. The "Manage Restricted Features" app provides a user-friendly interface to explicitly disable specific, predefined features for a selected tenant. Alternatively, the "Manage Database Configuration" app allows for more granular control by enabling the administrator to modify configuration parameters (.ini files) for a tenant, which can effectively disable services or functionalities governed by those parameters. Both methods are performed by an administrator connected to the system database.

B. Using the resident hdblcm tool: The SAP HANA Database Lifecycle Manager (hdblcm) is used for installation, updates, and system-level configuration changes, not for managing functional features within a tenant database.

C. Using the hdbuserstore tool: This is a client-side utility for securely storing database connection credentials. It has no administrative capability to enable or disable database functionalities.

1. SAP HANA Cockpit Administration Guide (SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS 07)

Reference for A: In the section "Managing Tenant Databases and System Replication"

subsection "Manage Restricted Features"

it states: "You can use the Manage Restricted Features app to restrict the use of certain features in tenant databases."

Reference for D: In the section "Monitoring and Administration with the SAP HANA Cockpit"

subsection "Manage Database Configuration"

it details: "The Manage Database Configuration app allows you to view and change the database configuration... You can change parameters for the entire database or for a specific host or service." This is the mechanism for disabling features at the parameter level.

2. SAP HANA Administration Guide for SAP HANA Platform (SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS 07)

Reference for A: In the chapter "Managing Multitenant Database Containers"

the section "Restricting Database Features in Tenant Databases" explicitly describes using the "Manage Restricted Features" app in the SAP HANA cockpit.

Reference for D: The chapter "Administering the SAP HANA Database" contains the section "Managing Configuration Parameters (.ini Files)"

which explains that system behavior is controlled by configuration parameters that can be modified using tools like the SAP HANA cockpit.

The SAPUI5 runtime that is delivered with an AS ABAP system is bundled in software component SAPUI.

Its Support Package and patch level are therefore the SAPUI5 patch level.

You can display this exactly in System → Status (component list) or transaction SPAM/SAINT by checking the version information of component SAPUI.

A. WDGMAINTAINURMIMES maintains Web Dynpro Unified Rendering MIME objects; it shows no SAPUI5 version information.

B. Calling /sap/public/bc/ui5ui5 only exposes the UI5 MIME hierarchy; without the extra path “/resources/sap-ui-version.json” it does not reveal the patch level.

D. /UI5/UI5UPLOADPATCHTOMIME uploads a UI5 patch into the MIME repository; it is not meant for—and does not display—the current installed patch level.

1. SAP Help Portal

SAP NetWeaver 7.5 → UI Technologies → SAPUI5 in ABAP → “Determining the SAPUI5 Version”

steps 1–3 (help.sap.com

section 3.2).

2. SAP Note 1903034 “How to determine the installed SAPUI5 version/patch level”

sec. ‘Via software component SAPUI’ (para. 2).

3. SAP Note 2219861 “SAPUI5 versions delivered with SAPUI support packages”

introductory paragraph.

During the installation of an SAP HANA multi-host system, the installer requires the specification of several key file system paths. For a distributed system, it is mandatory to define a shared file system accessible by all hosts. The default location for this is /hana/shared, which contains the installation binaries, configuration, and trace files. Additionally, each host requires its own local storage for data and log volumes. The installer prompts for the base paths for these volumes, with /hana/log/ being the default base directory for the persistence log files. These two locations are fundamental inputs for the installation process.

B. /usr/sap/hostctrl

This is the default installation directory for the SAP Host Agent, which is a prerequisite. Its path is standard and not a primary file system that is specified during the HANA database installation itself.

C. /usr/sap/

This is the standard base directory for SAP system instance data. While the installer creates directories here (e.g., /usr/sap/), the primary and critical paths to specify are for the shared, data, and log volumes.

1. SAP HANA Server Installation and Update Guide (SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS 07)

Section 3.2

"File System Layout for SAP HANA": This section details the recommended file system structure. It explicitly lists /hana/shared/ as "Shared by all hosts in a distributed SAP HANA system" and /hana/log/ as "Host-specific" for log volumes. This confirms the distinct and required nature of these paths.

Section 4.3.1

"Installing a New SAP HANA System Using the Command-Line Interface": The documentation lists the parameters for the hdblcm tool. Key parameters include --sapmntpath (defaults to /hana/shared) and --logpath (defaults to /hana/log). This shows these are direct inputs for the installation process.

2. SAP HANA Administration Guide for SAP HANA Platform

Section "File System and Storage" -> "Recommended File System Layout": This guide reiterates the importance of the shared file system (/hana/shared) for multi-host systems and the local file systems for data and log volumes (/hana/data

/hana/log) on each host. It emphasizes that /hana/shared must be mounted on all hosts.

For a batch mode (non-interactive) installation of an SAP HANA database system using the hdblcm tool, all essential information must be provided upfront. The SAP HANA System ID (SID) is a fundamental, unique identifier for the system and has no default value, making it a mandatory parameter. Similarly, the password for the sapadm user, the administrator for the SAP Host Agent, is mandatory. This password is required to register the new SAP HANA instance with the SAP Host Agent, which is a critical step for system management and monitoring. The installation cannot proceed in batch mode without these two parameters.

A. Data and log path: These are not mandatory. If these paths are not specified, the hdblcm installer will automatically use default locations derived from the installation path and SID (e.g., /hana/data/).

B. Installation path: This is not mandatory. The installer uses a default shared installation path (typically /hana/shared) if a specific path is not provided by the administrator.

1. SAP HANA Server Installation and Update Guide for SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS 07

Section 3.2.2

"Installing an SAP HANA System Using the Command-Line Interface". This section details the parameters for the hdblcm tool. The parameter reference table explicitly lists sid and sapadmpassword as required for the installation action.

sid=: "Required. Specify the system ID of the new system."

sapadmpassword=: "Required. Specify the password of the SAP Host Agent user (sapadm)."

The guide also confirms that parameters like datapath and logpath have default values

making them optional.

2. SAP Help Portal

SAP HANA Platform: Installation Parameters Reference

Section "install Action Parameters". This official reference guide provides a comprehensive list of all parameters for the hdblcm tool.

Under the install action

the sid parameter is explicitly marked as "Required".

The sapadmpassword parameter is also marked as "Required".

In contrast

parameters such as datapath

logpath

and sapmnt (installation path for the shared directory) are listed with default values

confirming they are not mandatory for the command to execute.

In SAP HANA with log mode "normal", log backups are triggered automatically to ensure the log volume does not fill up and to enable point-in-time recovery. The system initiates a log backup under two primary automatic conditions: first, when a log segment in the log volume becomes full, it must be backed up before it can be overwritten. Second, a configurable timeout (logbackuptimeouts) triggers a log backup if no backup has occurred within that specified interval, ensuring regular backups even during periods of low transaction activity.

A. When a commit occurs: A commit operation flushes the in-memory log buffer to the on-disk log segment. It does not trigger a log backup to the backup destination.

B. When the log buffer is full: A full log buffer also triggers a flush to the on-disk log segment to free up memory. This is not a trigger for the log backup process itself.

1. SAP HANA Administration Guide for SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS 07

Section: Log Backups.

Reference Text: "Log backups are performed automatically. A log backup is triggered when a log segment is full or when the configurable log backup timeout has been reached." This statement directly supports answers D and C.

2. SAP HANA Administration Guide for SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS 07

Section: Log Backup Settings.

Reference Text: "The parameter logbackuptimeouts in the persistence section of the global.ini file specifies a timeout for log backups in seconds. The default setting is 900 seconds (15 minutes)." This confirms the time threshold mechanism (Answer C).

3. SAP HANA Administration Guide for SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS 07

Section: Log Area.

Reference Text: "Before a log segment can be reused

it must be backed up. If log backups are not performed

the log area grows until the file system is full." This explains why a full log segment triggers a backup (Answer D).

SAP operation modes, configured via transaction RZ04, allow administrators to dynamically change the distribution of work process types on an application server to adapt to different system loads (e.g., day versus night operation). The total number of work processes remains constant, but their types are switched. The primary use case is to increase the number of Dialog (D) work processes for online users during the day and increase the number of Background (B) work processes for batch jobs at night. Additionally, the number of Update (A) work processes can be adjusted to accommodate varying transactional update loads.

C. Standby dialog work process: This is not a standard, configurable work process type within the SAP operation modes framework. The term does not correspond to a type that can be adjusted in transaction RZ04.

E. Spool work process: While technically possible to change the number of spool processes in an operation mode, it is a less common scenario. Spool workload is typically more static, making it an infrequent target for dynamic reconfiguration compared to Dialog, Background, and Update processes.

1. SAP Help Portal - Work Process Distribution (SAP NetWeaver Application Server for ABAP 7.52):

Reference: In the section on "Work Process Distribution

" the documentation states

"You can use operation modes to change the number and type of work processes online. The total number of work processes remains constant. You can switch work processes between the types dialog

batch

update

and spool."

Location: SAP Help Portal -> SAP NetWeaver Application Server for ABAP 7.52 -> Function-Oriented View -> Application Server Infrastructure - ABAP -> Components of SAP NetWeaver Application Server for ABAP -> Work Processes -> Work Process Distribution. This source confirms that Dialog

Background

Update

and Spool are all types that can be changed.

2. SAP Help Portal - Maintaining Operation Modes (SAP NetWeaver Application Server for ABAP 7.52):

Reference: The documentation for transaction RZ04 explicitly shows the maintenance screen where an administrator defines the number of work processes for an instance. The configurable types listed are Dialog

Update

Background

Enqueue

and Spool.

Location: SAP Help Portal -> SAP NetWeaver Application Server for ABAP 7.52 -> Function-Oriented View -> CCMS -> Configuration -> Operation Modes and Instances -> Maintaining Operation Modes. This confirms that Update (A)

Background (B)

Dialog (D)

and Spool (E) are all technically configurable.

3. SAP Training Course TADM10 - SAP S/4HANA Implementation and Administration:

Reference: Unit 5

Lesson "Configuring Operation Modes" covers the concept of reallocating work processes. The primary examples and focus are on switching between Dialog and Background work processes to match time-based workloads. The possibility of changing Update processes is also discussed as a valid

though less frequent

scenario. The course does not mention a "Standby dialog work process" type.