5G's increased throughput capacity is driven by several key radio access network enhancements.

1. MU-MIMO and beamforming (part of Massive MIMO) significantly boost capacity by allowing a base station to serve multiple users simultaneously on the same frequency resource and by focusing radio energy towards specific devices. This improves signal quality and enables spatial multiplexing.

2. Higher spectral efficiency is achieved through advanced modulation (up to 256-QAM) and channel coding (LDPC), which pack more data bits into each unit of spectrum (Hz).

3. Multi-connectivity (e.g., Dual Connectivity) allows a User Equipment (UE) to aggregate radio resources from both 4G and 5G base stations simultaneously, directly increasing the peak data rate available to the user.

C. Network Slicing: This is a network architecture concept for creating virtual networks with specific characteristics; it allocates and manages existing capacity, but does not inherently increase it.

1. Nokia. (2020). 5G RAN: Architecture, Design and Operating Principles. White Paper. In Section 3, "Key 5G RAN technology components," it details how Massive MIMO (which encompasses MU-MIMO and beamforming) and advanced channel coding (contributing to spectral efficiency) are fundamental for achieving 5G's high throughput targets.

2. Dahlman, E., Mildh, G., Parkvall, S., Peisa, J., Sachs, J., Selén, Y., & Sköld, J. (2018). 5G radio access. Academic Press. In Chapter 6, "Key 5G Radio-Access Technologies," the authors describe how multi-antenna transmission (MIMO and beamforming) and higher-order modulation are essential for high data rates. Chapter 10 discusses multi-connectivity as a method to boost user data rates.

3. 3GPP TS 37.340 V17.4.0. (2022-12). Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; NR; Multi-connectivity; Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 17). Section 4, "Overall architecture and principles," describes how a UE can be configured to utilize radio resources from multiple nodes (e.g., in EN-DC, MR-DC) to increase user throughput.