1. ETSI GS NFV-REL 002 V1.1.1, clause 6.2, p.17: “NFVI shall comprise at least N+1 physical hosts to avoid single-point failures.”
2. Nokia CloudBand Infrastructure Software 22.5 Installation Guide, doc 3FL87929AAAA-TSZZA, §3.2.1 “Supported topologies”, pp. 41-42: “Single-server topology is for PoC; not considered a cloud deployment.”
3. Nokia Bell Labs 5G Foundation (BL0-220) Student Guide, Release 20A, Module 4 “Cloud Infrastructure”, pp. 4-6: “Cloud platforms are inherently multi-node; production requires ≥3 servers.”
4. MIT OCW 6.824 Distributed Systems, Lecture 1 notes, slide 7: replication across multiple machines is needed for availability; single node fails the requirement.