The critical factor in this scenario is the SKU mismatch. The table indicates that lb1 is an Azure Standard Load Balancer, while vm1 and vm2 are using Basic public IP addresses.

1. Remove the public IP addresses: A Standard Load Balancer backend pool cannot contain virtual machines that have Basic SKU public IP addresses attached to them. You must dissociate the Basic public IPs from the VMs to add their network interfaces to the Standard Load Balancer's backend pool.
2. Create a health probe and backend pool: Once the IPs are removed, you must define the backend pool (the group of VMs to receive traffic) and the health probe (to monitor the status of the VMs) on the load balancer.
3. Create a load balancing rule: Finally, you create the rule that maps the frontend IP configuration to the backend pool and defines the distribution logic (port 443 for HTTPS) and health probe usage.

•

Remove nsg1: This is incorrect. The Network Security Group (NSG) is required to

allow incoming traffic on port 443 to reach the virtual machines' network interfaces.

The load balancer directs traffic, but the NSG permits it.

•

Create an availability set: This is incorrect. While best practice for high availability,

an availability set is a construct for the VMs themselves and is not a required step to

configure the load balancer to distribute traffic to existing VMs.

Microsoft Learn. "SKU comparison - Azure Load Balancer." Azure Load Balancer.

Quote: "A standalone virtual machine, availability set, or virtual machine scale set resource can be referenced in the backend pool of a specific Load Balancer SKU... If the backend pool members have public IP addresses, they must match the SKU of the Load Balancer."

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/load-balancer/skus#skus

Microsoft Learn. "Quickstart: Create a public load balancer to load balance VMs." Azure Load Balancer.

Context: This guide outlines the standard procedure: creating the backend pool, creating the health probe, and then creating the load balancer rule.

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/load-balancer/quickstart-load-balancer-standard-public-portal

Microsoft Learn. "Troubleshoot Azure Load Balancer backend pool issues."

Context: Documentation often highlights that mixing Basic Public IPs with Standard Load Balancers is a common configuration error preventing backend pool addition.

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/load-balancer/backend-pool-management

The terms "Per Authentication" and "Per Enabled User" refer to the billing models for an

Azure Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) Provider. Reconfiguring the usage model from

"Per Authentication" to "Per Enabled User" via the Azure CLI primarily changes how the

company is billed for MFA services. This action, by itself, does not enable or enforce MFA

for the new Azure AD users. To ensure employees use MFA, their individual MFA status

must be set to 'Enabled' or 'Enforced' (for per-user MFA), or they must be included in a

Conditional Access policy that mandates MFA. The proposed solution only addresses the

billing/usage model, not the actual enablement of MFA for the users.

1. Microsoft Learn: "How to get Azure AD Multi-Factor Authentication"

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/concept-mfalicensing

Section: "Azure AD Multi-Factor Authentication provider"

Quote/Content: This section explains that an MFA provider "offers per-user or per-

authentication billing," confirming these terms relate to billing/consumption models, not

direct user enablement mechanisms.

2. Microsoft Learn: "Enable per-user Azure AD Multi-Factor Authentication to secure sign-in

events"

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/howto-mfauserstates

Content: This document details the process of changing user MFA states (Disabled,

Enabled, Enforced), which is the necessary step for per-user MFA enablement, distinct from

changing a billing model.

3. Microsoft Learn: "Plan an Azure AD Multi-Factor Authentication deployment"

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/howto-mfadeploy

Content: This guide discusses various ways to enable MFA, primarily focusing on

Conditional Access policies and per-user MFA enablement, neither of which is achieved by

solely changing a billing model.

To use a custom domain suffix (like @contoso.com) for user accounts in an Azure AD tenant, you must follow a specific verification lifecycle to prove ownership:

1. Add a custom name: You must first register the domain name within the Azure AD portal. This action generates the specific values required for verification.
2. Add a record to the public contoso.com DNS zone: Azure provides a TXT (or MX) record containing a unique verification token. You must add this record to the authoritative DNS zone of the domain (managed by your third-party registrar) so it is publicly resolvable.
3. Verify the domain: Once the DNS record has propagated, you initiate the verification check in the Azure portal. Upon success, the domain status becomes "Verified," allowing it to be assigned to users.

Add an Azure AD tenant: This is incorrect because the scenario explicitly states that an

Azure AD tenant already exists.

Configure company branding: This action relates to customizing the appearance of sign-

in pages and is not required for adding or verifying a domain name for user suffixes.

Create an Azure DNS zone: This is not required. Verification can be performed with any

DNS hosting provider; you do not need to host your DNS zone in Azure.

Microsoft Learn - Microsoft Entra ID (formerly Azure Active Directory): "Add your custom domain name using the Microsoft Entra admin center"

Section: "Add your custom domain name" and "Add your DNS information to the domain registrar".

Citation: "After you add your custom domain name... you need to add the DNS entry to your domain registrar... After you add the DNS entry... you can verify the custom domain name."

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/fundamentals/add-custom-domain

In Microsoft Azure, a route table is used to control network traffic flow. A route table

contains a set of rules, called routes, that specify how packets should be directed. A route

table can be associated with one or more subnets within a virtual network. It cannot be

associated directly with a virtual network (VNet) or a network interface (NIC). Therefore,

among the given options, the route table RT1 can only be associated with Subnet1.

References:

Microsoft Learn | Virtual network traffic routing: "You can create custom route tables that

control where packets are routed for each subnet. ... You can associate a route table to

zero or more subnets."

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-network/virtual-networks-udroverview#association-of-a-route-table-to-a-subnet

Microsoft Learn | Create, change, or delete a route table: "A route table can be associated

to zero or more subnets. A route table can't be associated to a virtual network."

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-network/manage-routetable#associate-a-route-table-to-a-subnet

Microsoft Learn | Virtual network traffic routing: "You can create custom route tables that

control where packets are routed for each subnet. ... You can associate a route table to

zero or more subnets."

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-network/virtual-networks-udroverview#association-of-a-route-table-to-a-subnet

Microsoft Learn | Create, change, or delete a route table: "A route table can be associated

to zero or more subnets. A route table can't be associated to a virtual network."

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-network/manage-routetable#associate-a-route-table-to-a-subnet

1. Yes: The network access control list (ACL) for storageaccount1 has the

defaultAction set to "Allow". Since the ipRules and virtualNetworkRules arrays

are empty, there are no restrictions in place. Therefore, traffic from any public

IP address, including 131.107.103.10, is permitted by default.

2. Yes: The storage account is of the kind: "StorageV2" (General-purpose V2).

GPv2 accounts support all blob access tiers (Hot, Cool, and Archive) and

allow for setting the tier at the individual blob level. While the default account-

level accessTier is "Hot", individual blobs can be moved to the Archive tier

after upload.

3. No: Accessing an Azure file share with Azure AD credentials requires

enabling an identity-based authentication source on the storage account,

such as Azure Active Directory Domain Services (Azure AD DS), and

assigning appropriate Azure RBAC roles (e.g., Storage File Data SMB Share

Contributor) to the user. Being a Global Administrator in Azure AD does not

inherently grant data-plane access to file shares. The provided template

shows no such configuration.

1. Network ACLs:

o Microsoft Learn: "Configure Azure Storage firewalls and virtual

networks". This document states that the default action is to allow or

deny traffic when no other rules match. The template clearly shows

"defaultAction": "Allow".

§

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/enus/azure/storage/common/storage-network-security?tabs=azure-

portal

2. Blob Access Tiers:

o Microsoft Learn: "Access tiers for blob data". This document confirms

that "General-purpose v2 (GPv2) accounts support all access tiers for

block blobs" and "You can set the tier of a blob on upload or change

the tier of an existing blob."

§

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/enus/azure/storage/blobs/access-tiers-overview

§

Section: "Blob-level tiering"

3. Azure Files Identity-Based Authentication:

o Microsoft Learn: "Overview of Azure Files identity-based authentication

options for SMB access". This article outlines the necessary steps,

including enabling an AD source and assigning both share-level and

file/directory-level permissions. It clarifies that authentication is not

enabled by default.

§

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/enus/azure/storage/files/storage-files-active-directory-overview

§

Section: "How it works"

In an Azure Point-to-Site (P2S) VPN configuration, when a virtual network peering is

established or modified after the VPN client package has been configured, the routes to the

newly peered virtual network (VNet2) are not automatically propagated to the P2S clients.

To resolve this, the VPN client configuration package must be downloaded again from the

Azure portal and re-installed on the client machine (Client1). This updated package contains

the necessary routes for the peered VNet's address space, which updates the client's local

routing table and enables connectivity.

A. Select Use the remote virtual network's gateway or Route Server on VNet1 to VNet2

peering. This setting would configure VNet1 to use a gateway in VNet2. The gateway

(VPNGW1) is located in VNet1, making this option incorrect.

B. Select Use the remote virtual network's gateway or Route Server on VNet2 to VNet1

peering. This setting, known as gateway transit, allows VNet2 to use VNet1's gateway.

While necessary for transit, it does not update the P2S client's local routing table.

D. Enable BGP on VPNGW1. The gateway uses static routing. While BGP is for dynamic

routing, the core issue is the client's outdated routing information, not the gateway's routing

protocol.

Microsoft Learn (Official Documentation): "Configure VPN gateway transit for virtual network

peering". Under the "Point-to-site clients" section, the documentation explicitly states: "If you

add or change the address ranges of the peered virtual network, you must download and

reinstall the point-to-site VPN client package so that your point-to-site clients can get the

routes to the peered virtual network."

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/vpn-gateway/vpn-gateway-peering-gatewaytransit-powershell#p2s

Microsoft Learn (Official Documentation): "About Point-to-Site VPN routing". This document

explains how routes are advertised to P2S clients, reinforcing that the client package

contains the routes that will be installed on the client.

URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/vpn-gateway/vpn-gateway-about-point-to-siterouting

Statement 1 is TRUE. The Storage Account Contributor role, assigned to User1 at

the RG1 resource group scope, grants the necessary permissions

(Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/write) to create and manage storage accounts

directly within that resource group.

Statement 2 is FALSE. Modifying a network interface requires write permissions on

the network interface resource itself. User1 only has Reader permissions on

networkInterface1 (inherited from the subscription). The Contributor role on the

associated Network Security Group (NSG1) and the Storage Account Contributor

role on the resource group do not grant permissions to modify the network interface.

Statement 3 is TRUE. User1 has the Contributor role scoped specifically to NSG1.

This role grants full permissions to manage the NSG1 resource, which includes the

action Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/securityRules/write, allowing the

creation of new inbound security rules within that NSG.

•

Azure built-in roles Documentation: This official Microsoft documentation

details the permissions granted by each built-in role.

o Storage Account Contributor: As documented, this role permits

management of storage accounts, including creation. (See

Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/write permission).

o Contributor: This role grants full access to manage all resources,

which for the NSG1 scope, includes managing its security rules.

o Reader: This role only permits viewing resources, not changing them.

o Direct URL: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-basedaccess-control/built-in-roles

•

Scope for Azure RBAC: This official Microsoft documentation explains how

scope functions in Azure. Permissions are inherited down, but do not apply

sideways to peer resources. A role on NSG1 does not grant permissions to

networkInterface1, even if they are in the same resource group or associated.

o Direct URL: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-basedaccess-control/scope-overview (Specifically the sections on "Scope

format" and "Scope and inheritance").

To delete the resource group TestRG, you must first address any impediments to deleting

its constituent resources. VNET1 has a Delete lock, which prevents its deletion; this lock

must be removed. Vault1 is a Recovery Services vault likely protecting VM1. A Recovery

Services vault cannot be deleted if it contains backup items. Therefore, you must stop the

backup for VM1 and delete the backup data from Vault1. Option B covers both these

necessary prerequisite actions.

A: Modifying the lock type (unless to 'None' or removed) is insufficient; the lock must be

removed.

C: Turning off VM1 does not resolve the backup dependency with Vault1, which prevents

Vault1's deletion.

D: Turning off VM1 is not the primary blocker, and this option fails to address the resource

lock on VNET1.

Resource Locks: Microsoft Learn. (2023). Lock resources to prevent unexpected changes.

"Before you can delete a locked resource, you must first remove the lock."

Direct URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resourcemanager/management/lock-resources?tabs=json#delete

Deleting Recovery Services Vault: Microsoft Learn. (2023). Delete an Azure Backup

Recovery Services vault. "You can't delete a Recovery Services vault if there are any

dependencies, such as backup items or recovery points... To delete a vault with

dependencies: ... In the item's dashboard, select Stop backup. In the Stop Backup page,

select Delete Backup Data from the dropdown menu."

Direct URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/backup/backup-azure-deletevault?tabs=portal#delete-a-recovery-services-vault-with-dependencies

Deleting Resource Groups: Microsoft Learn. (2023). Azure Resource Manager resource

group and resource deletion. "When you delete a resource group, Resource Manager

determines the order to delete resources... It waits for dependencies to be finished before

deleting a dependent resource... If you have a lock on a resource group or a resource, you

must remove the lock before you can delete the resource group or resource."

Direct URL: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resourcemanager/management/delete-resource-group?tabs=azure-powershell#how-resources-are-

deleted

The rule adds one instance whenever average Memory Percentage > 70 % for the 5-minute

sample period and the 5-minute cooldown has expired.

Starting with 2 instances:

5 min: memory 80 % rule satisfied (no prior cooldown)

At 5 min autoscale adds 1’ 3 instances; cooldown 5 min

10 min: rule again satisfied’ add 1’ 4; cooldown 5 min

20 min: rule again satisfied’ add 1’ 5; cooldown 5 min

By 30 minutes the upper instance limit (Maximum = 5) is reached, so the highest possible

count during the interval is 5.

A. 2 Ignores autoscale; count would not remain static while metric stays above threshold.

B. 3 Only accounts for one scale action; 30 minutes allows three actions.

C. 4 Stops one increment short; rule can fire a third time before limit is hit.

1. Microsoft Learn Autoscale best practices: Scale triggers fire each time the condition

persists and after the cooldown period; scaling never exceeds the set maximum.

https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/azure-monitor/autoscale/autoscale-best-practices#scalesettings

2. Microsoft Learn Automatically scale an App Service app: Example rule uses Memory

Percentage > 70 %, adds one instance, 5-minute cooldown.

https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/app-service/manage-scale#autoscale

3. S. Koch et al., Elastic Scaling of Cloud Applications, ACM Computing Surveys 2021, 4.2

(cool-down and repeated scale actions).

Restarting the NetLogon service on a domain controller will not initiate an immediate

synchronization of user information to Azure AD. The NetLogon service is primarily

responsible for authentication requests, service principal name (SPN) registration, and

maintaining the secure channel with other domain controllers. Directory synchronization

with Azure AD is handled by the DirSync tool (or its successor, Azure AD Connect) installed

on the DirSync server, which operates on its own schedule or can be manually triggered

through specific commands or tools associated with the synchronization service itself.

1. Azure AD Connect sync: Scheduler: While the question mentions DirSync (an older tool),

the principle of how synchronization is managed and triggered is relevant. Azure AD

Connect, the successor, uses a scheduler and can be manually triggered via PowerShell.

DirSync had similar mechanisms (e.g., DirectorySyncClientCmd.exe or the Synchronization

Service Manager) independent of domain controller services like NetLogon.

Microsoft Learn. (n.d.). Azure AD Connect sync: Scheduler. Retrieved from

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/connect/how-to-connectsync-feature-scheduler (This page explains how Azure AD Connect sync is triggered,

highlighting it's a separate mechanism from DC services).

2. Net Logon service: This service is responsible for handling logon requests and secure

channel communication for a domain controller. It is not involved in directory

synchronization with Azure AD.

Microsoft Learn. (n.d.). Net Logon service. Retrieved from https://learn.microsoft.com/enus/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-

2012/cc756950(v=ws.11)) (Describes the functions of the NetLogon service).

3. Implement directory synchronization with Azure Active Directory Connect (for context on

how synchronization is generally managed, even if DirSync is older):

Microsoft Learn. (n.d.). Tutorial: Integrate a single forest with a single Azure AD tenant.

Retrieved from https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/activedirectory/hybrid/connect/tutorial-quick-start (Provides context on the synchronization tools

and their operation).