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Q: 1
Hydrochloric acid corrosion is a general and localized corrosion and is very aggressive to most common materials of construction. Damage in refineries is often associated with dew point corrosion in which vapors containing _______ and hydrogen chloride condense from the overhead stream of a distillation, fractionation, or stripping tower.
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Q: 2
MIC is often found in _________, bottom water of storage tanks, piping with stagnant or low flow and piping in contact with some soils.
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Q: 3
_________ is the main concern during start-up, shutdown and/or hydro testing for equipment/piping operating at elevated temperatures. This event can also occur in an auto refrigeration event in units processing light hydrocarbons.
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Q: 4
At elevated temperature, the carbide phases in certain carbon steels are unstable and may decompose into _______. This decomposition is known as graphitization.
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Q: 5
Vibration-induced fatigue can be eliminated or reduced through _________ and the use of supports and vibration dampening equipment. Material upgrades are not usually a solution.
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Q: 6
In piping and equipment, creep cracking can occur where high metal temperatures and _________ occur together. Creep cracking, once initiated, can progress rapidly.
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Q: 7
The presence of ________ in H²S streams increases the severity of high temperature sulfide corrosion at temperatures above about 500º F
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Q: 8
Cl SCC usually occurs at metal temperatures above ________.
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Q: 9
Titanium should not be used in known hydriding services such as _____ or ______.
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Q: 10
Ferritic stainless steels are usually not used in __________ applications.
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