The IEEE 7000-2021 standard provides a specific process model for integrating ethical considerations and human values directly into the system design and development lifecycle. This approach is known as value-based engineering or Values-in-Design. The standard guides organizations in identifying and prioritizing ethical values (e.g., well-being, accountability, transparency), translating them into tangible system requirements, and verifying that the final system upholds these values. It is fundamentally a methodology for engineering systems based on explicit ethical values, making it the correct choice.

A. ISO/IEC Guide 51 (Safety).

This guide focuses specifically on incorporating safety aspects into standards. While safety is a value, this framework is too narrow and does not encompass the broader range of ethical considerations addressed by value-based engineering.

B. ISO 31000 Guidelines (Risk Management).

This is a generic, high-level framework for managing risk in any organization. It is not specific to AI or system design and does not prescribe a methodology for embedding ethical values into engineering processes.

D. Council of Europe Human Rights, Democracy, and the Rule of Law Assurance Framework (HUDERIA) for Al Systems.

This is an assurance and assessment framework used to evaluate an AI system's compliance with human rights and democratic principles, rather than a methodology for the initial design and engineering of the system.

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1. IEEE Std 7000™-2021. IEEE Standard Model Process for Addressing Ethical Concerns During System Design. IEEE Xplore Digital Library. The standard's abstract explicitly states

"This standard provides a process model by which engineers and other technologists can address ethical considerations throughout the various stages of system initiation

analysis

and design." This directly aligns with the concept of value-based engineering. (DOI: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2021.9597522)

2. Spiekermann

S. (2015). Ethical IT Innovation: A Value-Based System Design Approach. CRC Press. Chapter 4

"Value-based System Design

" details the methodology that underpins standards like IEEE 7000

focusing on translating human values into technical specifications.

3. International Organization for Standardization. (2018). ISO 31000:2018 - Risk management — Guidelines. ISO.org. The scope section clarifies that it provides generic guidelines for managing any type of risk and is not specific to a particular industry or design methodology.

4. International Organization for Standardization. (2014). ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014 - Safety aspects — Guidelines for their inclusion in standards. ISO.org. The introduction specifies its purpose is to assist standard-writers in addressing safety

a much narrower focus than the holistic value-based approach.