The Singapore Model AI Governance Framework is a principles-based guide, not a prescriptive regulation. It recommends that organizations determine the appropriate level of human involvement in AI decision-making based on factors like the severity of harm and the risk of irreversible decisions. While this may lead an organization to implement a human-over-the-loop system for high-risk scenarios, the framework itself does not mandate this specific protocol. Instead, it provides a methodology for making that determination. The other options are all explicit recommendations within the framework for establishing internal governance, adapting existing structures, and ensuring stakeholder communication.

A. This is incorrect. The framework has a dedicated section (3.2) on "Determining the Level of Human Involvement in AI-augmented Decision-making."

B. This is incorrect. The framework explicitly states in Section 3.1 that "Organisations can adapt their existing governance structures and measures for AI."

D. This is incorrect. Section 3.4, "Stakeholder Communication and Management," details the importance of establishing clear policies for internal and external communication.

1. Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) and Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) Singapore. (2020). Model Artificial Intelligence Governance Framework

Second Edition.

For Correct Answer (C): Section 3.2

"Determining the Level of Human Involvement in AI-augmented Decision-making" (pages 21-24)

describes the process for deciding on human involvement but does not prescribe a specific protocol like "human-over-the-loop" for all high-risk systems. It leaves the implementation decision to the organization based on its risk assessment.

For Incorrect Option (A): The title and content of Section 3.2 (pages 21-24) directly support this as a recommended measure.

For Incorrect Option (B): Section 3.1

"Internal Governance Structures and Measures" (page 19)

explicitly recommends adapting existing governance structures.

For Incorrect Option (D): Section 3.4

"Stakeholder Communication and Management" (pages 29-31)

outlines the need for communication and collaboration.