The configuration snippet shows a BGP router with AS number 65001. It has a neighbor at IP address 10.10.10.1 with remote AS number 4282, and there is an outbound distribute-list applied to this neighbor relationship (distribute-list 1 out). The distribute list refers to access list 1, which permits any route with an AS path that starts with the local ASN (permit ^$). This means that only local routes will be advertised to the neighbor at IP address 10.10.10.1; routes from other Autonomous Systems (ASNs) will not be advertised because they would have an AS path starting with another ASN. Reference: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies source documents or study guide.

Cisco MPLS TE (Traffic Engineering) tunnels provide a way to optimize traffic routing within an MPLS network. However, there are certain constraints to be aware of: QoS-aware tunneling: Unfortunately, Cisco MPLS TE tunnels do not inherently support Quality of Service (QoS) awareness. This means that the tunnels themselves do not directly consider QoS parameters when making routing decisions. QoS policies must be applied separately at the network level, and the TE tunnels do not inherently take QoS into account during path selection. Tunnels spanning multiple OSPF areas: Contrary to option A, Cisco MPLS TE tunnels can indeed span multiple OSPF areas. The use of OSPF areas does not inherently restrict the creation of MPLS TE tunnels across area boundaries. ISIS metrics: Option B is incorrect. When using ISIS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) as the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), newer-style metrics (such as wide metrics) are supported. Older-style metrics are not the only option. Tunnels over IP unnumbered links: Option C is also incorrect. Cisco MPLS TE tunnels can be configured over IP unnumbered links, allowing efficient use of IP addresses. In summary, the primary constraint is the lack of built-in QoS awareness within MPLS TE tunnels. Reference: Implementing an MPLS VPN over TE Tunnels - Cisco Support Configuring Basic MPLS TE - Cisco NX-OS https://kxbjsyuhceggsyvxdkof.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/file-images/350-501/page_221_img_1.jpg

1: graceful restart 2: IGP synchronization 3: session protection 4: targeted-hello accept

Stateful (It has 1: N translation, It uses address overloading, It conservers IPv4 addresses) Stateless (It is limited on the number of endpoints, It mandates IPv4-translatable IPv6 address allocation)

Path Computation Element (Calculates paths through the network, keeps TE topology database information, sends path status updates) Path computation Client (sends path calculation request, sends path creation request) Path Computation Element (PCE) Represents a software module (which can be a component or application) that enables the router to compute paths applying a set of constraints between any pair of nodes within the router’s TE topology database. PCEs are discovered through IGP. Path Computation Client (PCC) Represents a software module running on a router that is capable of sending and receiving path computation requests and responses to and from PCEs. The PCC is typically an LSR (Label Switching Router). https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/crs/software/crs_r5-3/mpls/configuration/guide/bmpls-cg53x-crs/b-mpls-cg53x-crs_chapter_0110.html#con_1279822