John-the-Ripper Usage: John-the-Ripper is a popular open-source password cracking tool used to detect weak passwords. It works by performing dictionary attacks and brute force attacks on password hashes. Reference: John the Ripper official documentation Cracking the Hashes: Load the hash file into John-the-Ripper using the command: bash Copy code john target-file John will then attempt to crack the passwords using its internal mechanisms. Accessing the FTP Server: Once the hashes are cracked, use the recovered credentials to log in to the FTP server. Not all credentials may be valid, so try each until successful access is gained. Reference: RFC 959, the standard for FTP. Reading the Exploit File: Navigate to the FTP root directory and locate the exploit file. Use a command like cat to read its contents: cat exploit-file The content of the file will include the author’s name, which is "nullsecurlty" in this scenario.